Author: Matthew C. Keegan
Source: articleage.com
The amount of agent powered cars on North American highways has been bottomward steadily anytime aback their aiguille in the mid 1980s. For abounding motorists, agent engines adjure up images of pollution, poor power, and unreliability. However, one, gas regulator, bearing after, gas regulator, and, gas regulator, all that is about to change. New agent powered cars will anon be arriving, in actuality one is already actuality and accepting analytical acclamation from auto enthusiasts.
Who can overlook those agent powered Chevrolet Caprices and Oldsmobile 98s that al of a sudden became actual accepted 25 years ago? If you are like abounding car owners, you wish to overlook those cars. What GM did aback again was to yield absolute gasoline engines and catechumen them to agent engines. These adapted engines were loud, smoky, and actual unreliable. They were capricious to the point breadth GM had to pay tens of millions of dollars to alter bootless engines with gasoline engines.
The, gas regulator, anamnesis of GM's agent abortion was never absent on drivers who accept spurned diesels to the point breadth abounding, gas regulator, automakers are no best bearing agent engines. Mercedes, a able agent of agent powered cars in Europe, no best sells a agent powered car in North America. VW is the abandoned importer of agent engines while the U.S. manufacturers alone abode top achievement agent engines in their beyond cars such as aces up trucks.
Another breadth that has chock-full agent engines algid is air pollution. Actual acrimonious discharge regulations accept all but wiped out the achievability that abounding of the abate agent engines could be awash in the U.S. However, a change is in the wind as new technology is now in abode that will accomplish agent powered cars cleaner. In addition, with the top amount of gasoline now prevailing, a agent powered car, gas regulator, has abundant added of an address to it abnormally aback ammunition accumulation of 20-30% are possible.
DaimlerChrysler afresh alien a Jeep Liberty with an optionally able agent engine and this bunched SUV is affairs able-bodied, gas regulator, with the alternative engine. Its new 2.8L agent delivers ammunition improvements, gas regulator, as top as 32% over a commensurable gas 4x4 archetypal and abuse is kept to a minimum. In addition, the added torque is a admired with some, abnormally those who charge to cull a baiter or a camper with the Jeep.
Volkswagen will be bringing added agent powered cars to the North American, gas regulator, bazaar over the next few years. Agent powered Golfs, Jettas, and possibly several beyond archetypal VWs will anon be traversing the highways and byways of Canada and the U.S.
BMW and Mercedes are both acceptable to be importing agent cars, gas regulator, over the next few years. Both automakers are belief the bazaar to see if bunched models could advertise in North America. Each proposed archetypal band is currently awash in Europe and agent engines are a accepted advantage with these cars.
GM is aswell because borer its accord with Isuzu to acceptation engines to be placed in several bunched models. Long a ambassador of agent powered vehicles, Isuzu has appealing abundant exited the North American market, but could acknowledgment in the anatomy of Isuzu powered cars awash by GM.
Chrysler will acceptable yield its favorable acquaintance with its Jeep analysis and activate to action agent engines on added trucks and SUVs. At the aforementioned time, gas regulator,, gas regulator,, gas regulator, the all new Dodge Caliber, a backup for the Neon, may eventually action a agent engine too.
Ford seems to be agreeable with accretion its amalgam offerings and no added Japanese or Korean manufacturers arise accessible to jump into the agent movement…yet. Regardless, aural 5 years the amount, gas regulator, of agent cars on American and Canadian anchorage will acceptable triple. This can be a acceptable affair for humans absent bigger ammunition mileage, added torque, and a awful reliable engine.
For earlier agent powered cars,, gas regulator, they will abide to serve their purpose as owners ascertain how to extend their lives through advantageous aftermarket locations such as Bully Dog and aggressive products. With their asperous backbone and able-bodied accepted reliability, a agent powered car can calmly ability a bisected of actor afar or added afore quitting.
Wednesday, December 30, 2009
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
Hybrid Vehicle Trends in 2006
Author: Lance Winslow
Source: articleage.com
In 2005 we saw the fuel prices so high that, gas regulator, many had chosen, gas regulator, to buy hybrid vehicles and they quickly sold out. There were waiting lists at Toyota and Honda for all models. And the Toyota Prius was car of the year. The United States Congress and Senate passed an Energy Bill, which, gas regulator, had many incentives for those who bought Hybrid Vehicles. Many, gas regulator, of these tax breaks started on January 1, 2006, which meant some car buyers had waited until 2006 to buy the cars that they wanted.
Meanwhile Daimler Chrysler and other Auto Makers are going all out with incentives to get people to buy their gas guzzling SUV models like the Jeeps. Offering $58.00 per month payments, $1,000 rebates and free oil changes, maintenance and gas allowance for two-years. With those sorts of incentives they are sure to sell vehicles. Yet you can, gas regulator, expect the Hybrid Vehicle trends to accelerate even so.
In fact expect in 2006 for new models to come out to meet the consumer demand and alleviate some of these waiting lists. Also expect fuel prices to inch back up fueling the further demand for such vehicles throughout 2006 and, gas regulator, into 2007. The free market and consumer choice to save fuel may just save the environment yet, say some Global Warming Alarmists. Just think the answer to their solution all along is free markets and capitalism and not more rules and regulations, which, gas regulator, is exactly the opposite of what the opposing party of the current leadership in the US stands for. Think on this in 2006.
"Lance Winslow" - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs/
Source: articleage.com
In 2005 we saw the fuel prices so high that, gas regulator, many had chosen, gas regulator, to buy hybrid vehicles and they quickly sold out. There were waiting lists at Toyota and Honda for all models. And the Toyota Prius was car of the year. The United States Congress and Senate passed an Energy Bill, which, gas regulator, had many incentives for those who bought Hybrid Vehicles. Many, gas regulator, of these tax breaks started on January 1, 2006, which meant some car buyers had waited until 2006 to buy the cars that they wanted.
Meanwhile Daimler Chrysler and other Auto Makers are going all out with incentives to get people to buy their gas guzzling SUV models like the Jeeps. Offering $58.00 per month payments, $1,000 rebates and free oil changes, maintenance and gas allowance for two-years. With those sorts of incentives they are sure to sell vehicles. Yet you can, gas regulator, expect the Hybrid Vehicle trends to accelerate even so.
In fact expect in 2006 for new models to come out to meet the consumer demand and alleviate some of these waiting lists. Also expect fuel prices to inch back up fueling the further demand for such vehicles throughout 2006 and, gas regulator, into 2007. The free market and consumer choice to save fuel may just save the environment yet, say some Global Warming Alarmists. Just think the answer to their solution all along is free markets and capitalism and not more rules and regulations, which, gas regulator, is exactly the opposite of what the opposing party of the current leadership in the US stands for. Think on this in 2006.
"Lance Winslow" - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs/
Sunday, December 27, 2009
Automotive Air Conditioning Repair - Car Conditioning System Parts
Author: Ricky Lim
Source: articlesbase.com
It's consistently a amusement to adore the abatement of air-conditioned, gas regulator, air on our physique abnormally during hot summers. So you, gas regulator, can appear alliance or any added claimed functions or affairs with your face beaming beams of freshness. A able car air conditioner could abundantly accompany down the weariness acquired by continued drives abnormally automotive air conditioners in abounding cars which would be the dream cars of today's youngsters. However, automotive air conditioning is consistently not a accepted accession provided in a car. Cars bogus afore 1940 lacked the affection as it was not invented by then. Gradually, gas regulator, several enhancements were done to the system. The adjustment requires a accomplished professional's help. People analytical to get to apperceive the basal of things, gas regulator, may attack to do some aliment by themselves appliance caution. In baby air conditioned cars, there, gas regulator, may be a slight bead in aces up of the car but this will not be the case with big cars. The Accepted Locations of Automotive Air Conditioning The automotive air conditioning arrangement comprises seven above parts. These locations are: 1) Compressor - As affection is to the animal body, so is compressor to the AC system. It is basically a pump affiliated to the engine whose arch action is to abbreviate the refrigerant from the evaporator coils and the compressor, or “the affection of the system,†is a pump that is absorbed to the engine. Its purpose is to abbreviate and alteration refrigerant gas. The compressor has both an assimilation and a acquittal side. 2) Condenser - It functions actual abundant like the radiator and will a lot of generally, gas regulator, accept a agnate appearance. The purpose of the condenser is to afford or to accord abroad heat, so whenever the AC is switched on condenser accept to accept acceptable accumulation of air for cooling purposes. 3) Evaporator - Its arch assignment is to blot heat. Besides accepting rid of calefaction from central your vehicle, it is aswell amenable for dehumidifying the car. In adjustment to adapt the temperature of the evaporator, burden introducing burden acclimation accessories like breach tube is all-important 4) The receiver is acclimated in automotive air conditioning systems that apply thermal amplification valves as burden acclimation accessories to ensure that this burden acclimation accessory receives the aqueous refrigerant that it needs in adjustment to function. In adjustment to do so, it accept to abstracted gas and liquid. 5) The accumulator is acclimated alone on automotive air conditioning systems that accept the breach tube as the burden acclimation, gas regulator, device, and its capital action is to abundance surplus aqueous refrigerant. In accomplishing so, it prevents any aqueous from entering the compressor, which could, gas regulator, be adverse to the system. In animosity of the, gas regulator, avant-garde advancements that accept been fabricated in the automotive acreage, gas regulator, back the, gas regulator, addition of automotive air conditioning, it is still accessible to advance your own arrangement even if it is an antiquarian day style.
Source: articlesbase.com
It's consistently a amusement to adore the abatement of air-conditioned, gas regulator, air on our physique abnormally during hot summers. So you, gas regulator, can appear alliance or any added claimed functions or affairs with your face beaming beams of freshness. A able car air conditioner could abundantly accompany down the weariness acquired by continued drives abnormally automotive air conditioners in abounding cars which would be the dream cars of today's youngsters. However, automotive air conditioning is consistently not a accepted accession provided in a car. Cars bogus afore 1940 lacked the affection as it was not invented by then. Gradually, gas regulator, several enhancements were done to the system. The adjustment requires a accomplished professional's help. People analytical to get to apperceive the basal of things, gas regulator, may attack to do some aliment by themselves appliance caution. In baby air conditioned cars, there, gas regulator, may be a slight bead in aces up of the car but this will not be the case with big cars. The Accepted Locations of Automotive Air Conditioning The automotive air conditioning arrangement comprises seven above parts. These locations are: 1) Compressor - As affection is to the animal body, so is compressor to the AC system. It is basically a pump affiliated to the engine whose arch action is to abbreviate the refrigerant from the evaporator coils and the compressor, or “the affection of the system,†is a pump that is absorbed to the engine. Its purpose is to abbreviate and alteration refrigerant gas. The compressor has both an assimilation and a acquittal side. 2) Condenser - It functions actual abundant like the radiator and will a lot of generally, gas regulator, accept a agnate appearance. The purpose of the condenser is to afford or to accord abroad heat, so whenever the AC is switched on condenser accept to accept acceptable accumulation of air for cooling purposes. 3) Evaporator - Its arch assignment is to blot heat. Besides accepting rid of calefaction from central your vehicle, it is aswell amenable for dehumidifying the car. In adjustment to adapt the temperature of the evaporator, burden introducing burden acclimation accessories like breach tube is all-important 4) The receiver is acclimated in automotive air conditioning systems that apply thermal amplification valves as burden acclimation accessories to ensure that this burden acclimation accessory receives the aqueous refrigerant that it needs in adjustment to function. In adjustment to do so, it accept to abstracted gas and liquid. 5) The accumulator is acclimated alone on automotive air conditioning systems that accept the breach tube as the burden acclimation, gas regulator, device, and its capital action is to abundance surplus aqueous refrigerant. In accomplishing so, it prevents any aqueous from entering the compressor, which could, gas regulator, be adverse to the system. In animosity of the, gas regulator, avant-garde advancements that accept been fabricated in the automotive acreage, gas regulator, back the, gas regulator, addition of automotive air conditioning, it is still accessible to advance your own arrangement even if it is an antiquarian day style.
Learn more about automotive air conditioning repair at my site. Learn how does an air conditioner work at my air conditioning filters site.
Friday, December 25, 2009
Automakers Balk At New Fuel Bill; Compromise Expected
Author: Anthony Fontanelle
Source: articledashboard.com
Automakers described as 'unattainable' the revised fuel economy proposal unveiled last Friday by a Senate committee chairman. The new bill, when approved, would force the automakers, gas regulator, to significantly increase the fuel economy standards to a fleetwide, gas regulator, average of 28.5 miles per gallon by 2015 and 35 mpg by the year 2020, with four percent increases every year after that.
The bill, as proposed by U.S. Sen. Daniel Inouye, D-Hawaii, the chair of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, and Alaska's Ted Stevens, the committee's ranking Republican, is expected to entertain amendments to respond to the automakers' clamor. The bill will now be facing a vote in committee on whether to deliver the same to the full, gas regulator, Senate.
Sen. Inouye said that many senate staffs had worked for 10 days to reach a compromise bill, gas regulator, that automakers could accept. "None of us here want to put our domestic automakers out of business," Inouye said. "You will find most of your concerns have been addressed."
Automakers said last Friday that the proposal was about as bad as they could have imagined. Since the proposal of the bill, criticism has never come to a halt. The EBC brake, gas regulator, pads also may not be successful in stopping the ridicule from spilling over.
"Basically, it is unattainable up until 2020 and unattainable afterward," said Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the trade group that represents the General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., DaimlerChrysler, gas regulator, AG, the Toyota Motor Corp. and other automakers. "We think this is still going to be a big burden on Americans who need work vehicles."
U, gas regulator, .S. Sen. Carl Levin, D-Detroit, who has been actively lobbying colleagues, gas regulator, in recent days, criticized the draft for being too complicated and including some issues that had not been proposed earlier. "For instance, it includes a requirement to increase CAFE standards by four percent per year after 2020," Levin said in a statement. "More progress can be made in reducing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions if we focus our resources on leap-ahead technologies instead of forcing companies to make incremental improvements to meet an arbitrary standard."
The Congress mandated automakers to increase passenger car fuel economy from an average of 13 mpg to 27.5 mpg in 1975. That standard has remained untouched because vehicle manufacturers have dynamically lobbied against increases.
The bill comes amid increasing concerns in Congress about the effect of auto tailpipe emissions on climate change. To stress, vehicles in the United States account for about 20 percent of greenhouse gas, gas regulator, emissions in the US and about five percent worldwide. The bill would also regulate the fuel economy of medium and heavy-duty trucks thus imposing a four percent yearly improvement commencing in 2011.
The proposed bill would empower the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to set fuel economy standards and do it based on size, as NHTSA has already implemented for light trucks. Additionally, the bill has "off ramps" that give the government agency discretion to cut fuel economy mandates if it determines they are not cost effective or not feasible in a given model year. The agency also has to issue new safety rules to enhance the compatibility of vehicle bumper heights to ensure, gas regulator, car occupants' protection when different, gas regulator, sized vehicles collide.
One controversial issue behind the proposed bill is the whether the agency would be under pressure not to use the off-ramps for domestic automakers if the Toyota Motor Corp. and the Honda Motor Co. are able to meet the requirements.
Automakers also are dismayed that after the 2009 model year they would lose the fuel economy credit for building flexible-fuel vehicles that run on E85 - a fuel made of 85 percent ethanol. But they would be able to use CAFE credits earned for five years and also would be able to purchase and sell credits among, gas regulator, manufacturers.
Automakers can use "credits" to meet fuel economy mandates, even though their vehicles are less efficient than required and, gas regulator, there is no requirement that consumers actually use alternative fuels. The credit trading system would amount to a "wealth transfer" between automakers and have no impact on improving the environment,, gas regulator, Bergquist said.
Experts in the industry said that it might require GM, Ford and Chrysler to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to Toyota and Honda in order to comply with the law. The bill also would require a new labeling program to promote the, gas regulator, vehicles that have superb fuel economy, gas regulator,, gas regulator, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions.
Joan Claybrook, an environmental advocate who heads Public Citizen, said that the bill "does not go far enough. "Automakers could easily hit 40 miles per gallon. With the polar bears and penguins in deep, gas regulator, trouble, this is the year Congress will finally do something."
The Bush administration proposed raising fuel economy standards by an average of four percent annually starting in September 2009 for passenger cars and September 2011 for light trucks in order to limit gasoline usage by five percent annually in 2017, or 8.5 billion gallons every year.
Source: articledashboard.com
Automakers described as 'unattainable' the revised fuel economy proposal unveiled last Friday by a Senate committee chairman. The new bill, when approved, would force the automakers, gas regulator, to significantly increase the fuel economy standards to a fleetwide, gas regulator, average of 28.5 miles per gallon by 2015 and 35 mpg by the year 2020, with four percent increases every year after that.
The bill, as proposed by U.S. Sen. Daniel Inouye, D-Hawaii, the chair of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, and Alaska's Ted Stevens, the committee's ranking Republican, is expected to entertain amendments to respond to the automakers' clamor. The bill will now be facing a vote in committee on whether to deliver the same to the full, gas regulator, Senate.
Sen. Inouye said that many senate staffs had worked for 10 days to reach a compromise bill, gas regulator, that automakers could accept. "None of us here want to put our domestic automakers out of business," Inouye said. "You will find most of your concerns have been addressed."
Automakers said last Friday that the proposal was about as bad as they could have imagined. Since the proposal of the bill, criticism has never come to a halt. The EBC brake, gas regulator, pads also may not be successful in stopping the ridicule from spilling over.
"Basically, it is unattainable up until 2020 and unattainable afterward," said Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the trade group that represents the General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., DaimlerChrysler, gas regulator, AG, the Toyota Motor Corp. and other automakers. "We think this is still going to be a big burden on Americans who need work vehicles."
U, gas regulator, .S. Sen. Carl Levin, D-Detroit, who has been actively lobbying colleagues, gas regulator, in recent days, criticized the draft for being too complicated and including some issues that had not been proposed earlier. "For instance, it includes a requirement to increase CAFE standards by four percent per year after 2020," Levin said in a statement. "More progress can be made in reducing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions if we focus our resources on leap-ahead technologies instead of forcing companies to make incremental improvements to meet an arbitrary standard."
The Congress mandated automakers to increase passenger car fuel economy from an average of 13 mpg to 27.5 mpg in 1975. That standard has remained untouched because vehicle manufacturers have dynamically lobbied against increases.
The bill comes amid increasing concerns in Congress about the effect of auto tailpipe emissions on climate change. To stress, vehicles in the United States account for about 20 percent of greenhouse gas, gas regulator, emissions in the US and about five percent worldwide. The bill would also regulate the fuel economy of medium and heavy-duty trucks thus imposing a four percent yearly improvement commencing in 2011.
The proposed bill would empower the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to set fuel economy standards and do it based on size, as NHTSA has already implemented for light trucks. Additionally, the bill has "off ramps" that give the government agency discretion to cut fuel economy mandates if it determines they are not cost effective or not feasible in a given model year. The agency also has to issue new safety rules to enhance the compatibility of vehicle bumper heights to ensure, gas regulator, car occupants' protection when different, gas regulator, sized vehicles collide.
One controversial issue behind the proposed bill is the whether the agency would be under pressure not to use the off-ramps for domestic automakers if the Toyota Motor Corp. and the Honda Motor Co. are able to meet the requirements.
Automakers also are dismayed that after the 2009 model year they would lose the fuel economy credit for building flexible-fuel vehicles that run on E85 - a fuel made of 85 percent ethanol. But they would be able to use CAFE credits earned for five years and also would be able to purchase and sell credits among, gas regulator, manufacturers.
Automakers can use "credits" to meet fuel economy mandates, even though their vehicles are less efficient than required and, gas regulator, there is no requirement that consumers actually use alternative fuels. The credit trading system would amount to a "wealth transfer" between automakers and have no impact on improving the environment,, gas regulator, Bergquist said.
Experts in the industry said that it might require GM, Ford and Chrysler to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to Toyota and Honda in order to comply with the law. The bill also would require a new labeling program to promote the, gas regulator, vehicles that have superb fuel economy, gas regulator,, gas regulator, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions.
Joan Claybrook, an environmental advocate who heads Public Citizen, said that the bill "does not go far enough. "Automakers could easily hit 40 miles per gallon. With the polar bears and penguins in deep, gas regulator, trouble, this is the year Congress will finally do something."
The Bush administration proposed raising fuel economy standards by an average of four percent annually starting in September 2009 for passenger cars and September 2011 for light trucks in order to limit gasoline usage by five percent annually in 2017, or 8.5 billion gallons every year.
Thursday, December 24, 2009
Fuel Economy Guidelines Change and Nobody's Happy For Now
Author: Peter J.H. Johnson
Source: articleage.com
Whenever new regulations regarding the auto industry are imposed, it reminds me of two parents arguing about their child. One, gas regulator, parent wants to make an unpopular decision that will better their son or daughter in the long run. The other doesn't see any long-term gains just short-term pain. The child usually takes the side with no short-term pain, gas regulator, . Last week the Bush Administration announced new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) guidelines to automakers that now include large SUV's. Under the new rules, light trucks and SUV's must average 24 miles per gallon by 2011, up from 21.6 mpg, an increase of more than 10% in 5 years. Automakers say these new regulations pose serious challenges and prices will rise a few hundred dollars per vehicle, hurting consumers. The Bush Administration said the new regulations, gas regulator, will help reduce America's dependence on foreign oil over the next few years.
Like before, an automaker can use vehicles that get above the requirement to offset those that get below. However, in order to achieve the higher average, automakers will need to introduce new technologies to make fuel efficient vehicles even more fuel efficient, and make gas guzzling SUV's drink fuel at a slower pace. Today many new technologies improve power and reduce fuel consumption. Improved aerodynamics, reduced weight and more, gas regulator, efficient drive trains will help achieve these gains. As automakers point out, there is a price to pay for all of these impending improvements.
Although these are the biggest changes to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy guidelines we've seen in a long time, they are long overdue. Over the last 10 years we've seen a dramatic rise, gas regulator, in large SUV sales like the Cadillac Escalade, Lincoln Navigator and Hummer H2. As these vehicles, gas regulator, have become more commonplace, it's time that they meet more strict regulations.
We've come a long way since the 1970's when the government made their first big push to increase fuel economy. Today,, gas regulator, our cars are cleaner, more fuel efficient and more powerful. But we wouldn't have any of these improvements unless the Government took, gas regulator, the action it took. Whenever there is a challenge, automakers can turn to there best and brightest for the solutions.
As it stands right now, large SUV's, gas regulator, don't make much sense. Hopefully these new guidelines will force automakers to downsize their offerings and push customers into more sensible vehicles. And it's best to get this done before the next spike in fuel prices. When prices spike due to a supply issue, vehicles like the Hummer H2 will become the hot potato that nobody will want to be caught with. Who's side will you be on then?
Peter Johnson is the chief writer for http://www.all-about-car-selection, gas regulator, .com
Source: articleage.com
Whenever new regulations regarding the auto industry are imposed, it reminds me of two parents arguing about their child. One, gas regulator, parent wants to make an unpopular decision that will better their son or daughter in the long run. The other doesn't see any long-term gains just short-term pain. The child usually takes the side with no short-term pain, gas regulator, . Last week the Bush Administration announced new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) guidelines to automakers that now include large SUV's. Under the new rules, light trucks and SUV's must average 24 miles per gallon by 2011, up from 21.6 mpg, an increase of more than 10% in 5 years. Automakers say these new regulations pose serious challenges and prices will rise a few hundred dollars per vehicle, hurting consumers. The Bush Administration said the new regulations, gas regulator, will help reduce America's dependence on foreign oil over the next few years.
Like before, an automaker can use vehicles that get above the requirement to offset those that get below. However, in order to achieve the higher average, automakers will need to introduce new technologies to make fuel efficient vehicles even more fuel efficient, and make gas guzzling SUV's drink fuel at a slower pace. Today many new technologies improve power and reduce fuel consumption. Improved aerodynamics, reduced weight and more, gas regulator, efficient drive trains will help achieve these gains. As automakers point out, there is a price to pay for all of these impending improvements.
Although these are the biggest changes to the Corporate Average Fuel Economy guidelines we've seen in a long time, they are long overdue. Over the last 10 years we've seen a dramatic rise, gas regulator, in large SUV sales like the Cadillac Escalade, Lincoln Navigator and Hummer H2. As these vehicles, gas regulator, have become more commonplace, it's time that they meet more strict regulations.
We've come a long way since the 1970's when the government made their first big push to increase fuel economy. Today,, gas regulator, our cars are cleaner, more fuel efficient and more powerful. But we wouldn't have any of these improvements unless the Government took, gas regulator, the action it took. Whenever there is a challenge, automakers can turn to there best and brightest for the solutions.
As it stands right now, large SUV's, gas regulator, don't make much sense. Hopefully these new guidelines will force automakers to downsize their offerings and push customers into more sensible vehicles. And it's best to get this done before the next spike in fuel prices. When prices spike due to a supply issue, vehicles like the Hummer H2 will become the hot potato that nobody will want to be caught with. Who's side will you be on then?
Peter Johnson is the chief writer for http://www.all-about-car-selection, gas regulator, .com
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
A Small Price For A Healthy Nose
Author: Evangeline Austero
Source: articledashboard.com
Flat, pointed, long, rounded, surgically altered, no matter what your nose looks like, you have no choice but to love it, because it's the only nose you have. Your respiratory, gas regulator, system depends on the nose for it to function. Unfortunately, what with all the air pollution the planet is enveloped in, taking care of your nose (and your respiratory system), gas regulator, means more than just cleaning it out. Nowadays, you have to make the air around you cleaner too.
Wikipedia.org defines air pollution as "a chemical, physical, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere." Our defective atmosphere is largely due to air pollution, and we are now experiencing0 its effects (e.g. global warming).
According to the World Health organization, approximately, gas regulator, 4.6 million people die annually with causes that are, gas regulator, directly linked to air pollution. In fact, more people die from respiratory problems caused by air pollution than from car accidents. Some diseases directly related to air pollution are asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, diseases with the lungs and the heart, and some respiratory allergies. Some major casualties caused by extreme air pollution over the world includes the 1984 Bhopal Disaster, gas regulator, in India, The Great Smog of 1952 in the United Kingdom, and the anthrax spores leakage of 1979 in Sverdlovsk.
A lot of stationary sources are commonly identified with air pollution such as factories, petroleum refineries, and other industrial sources. But the majority of contributors to air pollution are not stationary but mobile sources: vehicles. Directly released air pollutants is the kind that is emitted from a source directly into the air. Examples of these are carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, which are both produced through combustion. In lieu with the aim to keep the humankind healthy, the government imposed some air quality standards such as the Clean Air Act in the US. These measures aim to reduce the presence of some air pollutants.
The clean air act was enacted, gas regulator, by the government of the US through the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. The Clean Air Act significantly decreased air pollution and boosted the strength of its regulation. These measures include initial regulatory laws, expanding the coverage of the air pollution prevention act to other sources, increasing fuel efficiency, use of cleaner fuels, and utilizing electric vehicles. Some European nation followed these initiatives.
In 1975, catalytic converters, gas regulator, were introduced far and wide, gas regulator, on series-production vehicles in order to adhere to the severe regulations, gas regulator, on auto exhausts. Catalytic converters are devices that are used to reduce the toxicity of the fumes that are caused by internal combustion engines. A catalytic converter's primary goal is to provide an environment wherein toxic emissions could be converted to less harmful gases through a chemical reaction.
Catalytic converters bogs down when lead is present due to catalyst poisoning. So using unleaded, gas regulator, gas is a must when your vehicle is equipped with a catalytic converter. Catalyst poisoning means that a substance in the engine exhaust coats the catalyst's surface and this prevents, gas regulator, further exhaust access to catalytic materials. Some common catalyst poisons are led, silicon, phosphorous, manganese, sulfur and zinc.
Since its introduction, catalytic converters are proven to be effective and, gas regulator, reliable devices when in comes to toxic tailpipe emission reduction, and the great thing is that they don't cost much and they are easy to install. A small price to pay for cleaner air, isn't it?
Source: articledashboard.com
Flat, pointed, long, rounded, surgically altered, no matter what your nose looks like, you have no choice but to love it, because it's the only nose you have. Your respiratory, gas regulator, system depends on the nose for it to function. Unfortunately, what with all the air pollution the planet is enveloped in, taking care of your nose (and your respiratory system), gas regulator, means more than just cleaning it out. Nowadays, you have to make the air around you cleaner too.
Wikipedia.org defines air pollution as "a chemical, physical, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere." Our defective atmosphere is largely due to air pollution, and we are now experiencing0 its effects (e.g. global warming).
According to the World Health organization, approximately, gas regulator, 4.6 million people die annually with causes that are, gas regulator, directly linked to air pollution. In fact, more people die from respiratory problems caused by air pollution than from car accidents. Some diseases directly related to air pollution are asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, diseases with the lungs and the heart, and some respiratory allergies. Some major casualties caused by extreme air pollution over the world includes the 1984 Bhopal Disaster, gas regulator, in India, The Great Smog of 1952 in the United Kingdom, and the anthrax spores leakage of 1979 in Sverdlovsk.
A lot of stationary sources are commonly identified with air pollution such as factories, petroleum refineries, and other industrial sources. But the majority of contributors to air pollution are not stationary but mobile sources: vehicles. Directly released air pollutants is the kind that is emitted from a source directly into the air. Examples of these are carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, which are both produced through combustion. In lieu with the aim to keep the humankind healthy, the government imposed some air quality standards such as the Clean Air Act in the US. These measures aim to reduce the presence of some air pollutants.
The clean air act was enacted, gas regulator, by the government of the US through the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. The Clean Air Act significantly decreased air pollution and boosted the strength of its regulation. These measures include initial regulatory laws, expanding the coverage of the air pollution prevention act to other sources, increasing fuel efficiency, use of cleaner fuels, and utilizing electric vehicles. Some European nation followed these initiatives.
In 1975, catalytic converters, gas regulator, were introduced far and wide, gas regulator, on series-production vehicles in order to adhere to the severe regulations, gas regulator, on auto exhausts. Catalytic converters are devices that are used to reduce the toxicity of the fumes that are caused by internal combustion engines. A catalytic converter's primary goal is to provide an environment wherein toxic emissions could be converted to less harmful gases through a chemical reaction.
Catalytic converters bogs down when lead is present due to catalyst poisoning. So using unleaded, gas regulator, gas is a must when your vehicle is equipped with a catalytic converter. Catalyst poisoning means that a substance in the engine exhaust coats the catalyst's surface and this prevents, gas regulator, further exhaust access to catalytic materials. Some common catalyst poisons are led, silicon, phosphorous, manganese, sulfur and zinc.
Since its introduction, catalytic converters are proven to be effective and, gas regulator, reliable devices when in comes to toxic tailpipe emission reduction, and the great thing is that they don't cost much and they are easy to install. A small price to pay for cleaner air, isn't it?
Monday, December 21, 2009
FAQ on Modifying the Toyota Supra
Author: Stuart B
Source: articleage.com
What does BPU™ stand for? (BPU™ is a trademark of SupraStore.com)
Basic Performance Upgrades. These modifications are: A full length, gas regulator, three inch down-pipe (with or with-out high flow cats), 3" (75mm) or bigger cat-back exhaust system, raised boost (18psi), and the, gas regulator, required boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC) needed to achieve that boost without activating the factory, gas regulator, fuel cut-off at 14-15psi. These are the modifications that have proven, gas regulator, to provide the best HP-to-$$$ ratio.
What does the + mean when someone says BPU™+? And what is APU?
That stands for any additional power producing modifications other than, gas regulator, the basic BPU™ modifications. One "+" refers to Adj. Cam Gears and under-drive pulleys, the second "+" refers to a Fuel controller, ECU upgrade, etc. For instance, a Supra with the BPU™ modifications, plus a front-mount intercooler, would be called BPU™+. If you added cam gears to that, it would be BPU™++, and so on. The "BPU™" term is used until you have an upgraded turbo(s). Then it is referred to as APU, advanced performance upgrades. This designation pretty much covers every modification that can be performed.
What are the first engine modifications I should perform?
I recommend starting with raising the boost of the stock turbos to roughly 18psi. This will require a quality boost gauge and a boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC). You will achieve 15 or so PSI with the stock Down Pipe in place. This will provide an addition of approximately 30rwhp. After those modifications are completed, it would be a logical next step to install the Down Pipe and Cat-Back Exhaust at the same time. You will now be at full BPU™.
What do all the various "Free Mods" do?
There are many different "free mods" for the Supra TT. I will cover just a few of them here. The ones I, gas regulator, will cover fall into three categories, boost control, EGR disabling, and TTC or True Twin Conversion.
Three, gas regulator, of the boost, gas regulator, control mods are: Bleeder-T Mod, Clamp Mod, and the VSV Bypass Mod. Each of these modifications raise boost levels, gas regulator, without the use of a boost controller. But you have to keep a close eye on your boost gauge, and make sure they are not allowing the turbos to boost too high (18psi is a safe level).
The next mods, are the true twin conversion mods (or TTC). This modification disables the Sequential twin, gas regulator, turbo operation, and causes the turbos to run constantly in parallel (both on at the same time). This is supposed to allow for slightly better mid-range power (before the secondary turbo would normally come online) and allows for a smoother power band, without, gas regulator, the abrupt boost increase caused by the transition from primary to secondary operation. However, this does noticeably decrease low-end power, and increases exhaust noise levels, and therefore may not be desirable on the street. Two types of the TTC mod are, the traditional TTC mod which includes 2 methods, wiring the actuators, or installing a one way valve, and the Electronic TTC mod (ETTC).
The, gas, gas regulator, regulator, last mod I will discuss is the EGR mod. This disables the Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, which is meant for emissions, and therefore,, gas regulator, this modification is for off-road use only, gas regulator, . This mod is supposed to prevent the super heating of the number 5 and 6 cylinders, which may cause burnt valves.
How much power will my car make at BPU™?
It varies from car-to-car, and the conditions as well as tuning. Most BPU™-only Supra Twin Turbos, dyno between 370 and 410 horsepower at the rear wheels. This is usually achieved with moderate temperatures, a reset ECU (to erase anything bad the ECU may have learned), and often a little bit of high-octane un-leaded race fuel. On the street, power will be reduced, especially in poor weather, but at least 90 percent, gas regulator, of the power should be retained.
What kind of 1/4 mile ETs and trap speeds should I run at BPU™-only?
It varies WIDELY depending on driver skill. As well as track conditions, elevation above sea level, ambient temperatures, humidity, and pre-race preparation. But most fall between 12, gas regulator, .3 to 12.9 ets with 112 to 119mph trap speeds on street tires. Times can drop well into the 11s with drag radials, a good driver, and good conditions, as well as proper pre-race preparation.
What is a BPU™'d Supra TT's top speed?
Speeds in the mid-high 180mph range should be achievable. Once the speed-limiter is disabled,, gas regulator, by pulling the "TRAC" fuse of course.
Will the life of my Engine and Drivetrain be adversely affected with the BPU™ mods?
Yes, but not by a significant amount. If the car is maintained properly, and the car is treated with some respect, gas regulator, for the components,, gas regulator, you should maintain much of the power train's life. Which considering the fact that the Supra is by far one of the most reliable and durable sports cars, it will last longer than most well maintained STOCK sports cars. The only Drivetrain components that will see a significantly shortened life will be the stock clutch. It will more than likely not last much longer than 8-10k miles once at BPU™. This especially holds, gas regulator,, gas regulator, true if the car is making repeated high speed runs using 5th and 6th gear at wide open throttle. If your stock clutch has high mileage on it, or is already starting to slip, you will need to plan on a new high-performance clutch. Also the stock turbos will be subject to a somewhat shortened life span (how short will depend on how you drive and maintain the car, as well as how much boost you will run)
What's the reliability of a 600hp Supra Turbo?
Chassis, electrical, and suspension components should see little effect on reliability on street driven Supras. The stock 2JZ-GTE engine should hold up pretty well to this power level. Just how long depends on maintenance,, gas regulator, and how hard you drive it, and how often. But typically Supras can go for years at this power level. The transmission reliability will depend on whether it's an Automatic or Manual. A stock automatic will not hold this much power, a built transmission will be required, and it's reliability will depend on it's design and construction. The 6spd Manual should hold up just fine, as well as the rear differential and axles.
The only real reliability concerns at these low power levels would surround the actual modifications you perform. Excluding installation short-comings, the components utilized, even very high quality ones, may fall short of factory component reliability, as the built in compromises that exist in everything, would lean, gas regulator, more towards the side of ultimate performance, than of ultimate reliability (Keep in mind we are talking about a Toyota here, whose reliabilty standards, gas regulator, are exceptionally high) This may include fuel system components, turbo components, and especialy electronic wizardry. Basically a set-up that is either VERY well concieved, or utilizes OE components as much as possible, without over burdening them, would posses *near* stock reliability. And tuning of the components, and component selection, and matching, would play a HUGE role in this.
What are the power limits of the various factory components (Differential, Transmission, Motor, etc.)?
There have really not been enough failures to really pin point a limit for the various power-train components. The motor, gas regulator, could fail at factory power levels if it was running dangerously lean. But when well tuned, the motors internals (Pistons, Rods, Crank, Head Gasket etc) are reliable to 700rwhp. But, gas regulator, of course at these power levels, if the engine is not set-up and tuned properly, it is literally a bomb waiting to go off, however this would be just as true with a built motor. Some owners have pushed their stock internals to the limit and have well exceeded, gas regulator, 800rwhp, and even approached 900rwhp. I still don't understand how such an over built motor made it past the bean counters at Toyota Corporate.
The 6-speed Getrag is ridiculously strong for an OE transmission. Its limit's will be affected greatly by driving technique, such as launching, and whether or not power, gas regulator, shifting is used. Even driven hard, the Getrag should hold up reasonably well with 700RWHP. If you treat it with some respect, it should be able to handle, gas regulator, around 800RWHP or more, although, gas regulator, great care and respect will need to be practiced at those levels.
Differential, axle, CV Joint, and drive shaft failures are a VERY rare occurrence. So I don't have much info on their failure limits. On street tires, it would be almost impossible to break, gas regulator, any of these components at ANY power level. The tires would spin before they would put the driveline under that kind of strain., gas regulator, The tires act sort of like a circuit breaker. If, gas regulator, you run drag slicks, this does not hold true of course, yet they have proven themselves to be 10 and even 9 second capable.
Will drivability, interior noise levels, and low-end power be adversely, gas regulator, affected, gas, gas regulator, regulator, with the BPU™ mods?
Drivability is not adversely affected. Interior noise level depends on the exhaust system you choose. Some will make it far louder; some will actually make it quieter. But most are just a little bit louder than stock. But the added dBs are also combined with a MUCH sweeter exhaust note, so it's definitely worth it. And the interior of the Supra is, gas regulator, pretty quiet anyway, so on the highway, it will be VERY livable. As far as low-end power goes, the down-pipe will greatly decrease Turbo Lag. So low-end power and response is much improved over stock.
Will emissions be adversely affected by the BPU™ mods?
As long as a high-flow cat is used, emissions should, gas regulator, not be effected, and you should still pass visual inspection. If you run without catalytic converters, you are doing so at your own risk, and you would not pass visual or emissions testing.
Will fuel mileage be adversely affected by the BPU™ mods?
If driven calmly, as in light throttle, mileage should not be significantly affected. Mileage will greatly decrease during however, if you drive "vigorously", more power equals more burned fuel I am afraid.
Should, gas regulator, I install an "Intake" (Open Element Filter)?
This is a bit of a yes and no answer. The stock filter assembly is a flow restriction, and an open element intake would increase potential flow. However, it will also draw in more heated engine compartment air, which can hurt performance. My advice is to either modify the stock filter box, or install a, gas regulator, cool air induction box, like the Max Air. An added bonus of the open element filters, is that they allow you to easily hear the primary turbo and by-pass valve.
What about the stock intercooler?
The stock intercooler does a decent job up till about 17psi on the stock turbos, after that you would probably notice a significant, gas regulator, gain, especially in warmer temperatures, with a nice front mount intercooler. However, keep in mind it will block some of the airflow to the radiator, as well as decreasing response slightly.
Should I replace the factory rubber Intercooler hoses with aftermarket metal hoses?
It wouldn't hurt. But it won't help a lot either. At the most you may slightly increase throttle response, but at least it will look nicer.
What about the fuel system, are the stock injectors and fuel pump large enough for BPU™?
Yes, the stock fuel system is very safe and reliable to 450RWHP, although I would recommend a fuel pulsation damper bypass. Anything over that,, gas regulator, and I would highly recommend having the car dyno'd, and using a wide-band O2 sensor (not a cheap A/F gauge connected to the stock O2) to check the fuel ratio at your high boost setting. 11.5:1 would be a safe fuel ratio.
What are the stock injectors rated at?
540cc/min
Would the Supra benefit from a fuel controller?
BPU™'d Supras run a little on the rich side as far as fuel ratios go. This hurts power. What it does do is provide a safety margin that makes engine damage through detonation unlikely. If you get a fuel controller, and tune it properly (on a dyno, with an accurate EGT gauge, and a high band O2 (The Stock O2 sensors, gas regulator, are, gas regulator, not accurate), then you should be able to gain a noticeable amount of power. One of the most popular electronic fuel controllers is the A'PEXi S-AFC. The Fields SFC is good too.
What should I use to increase my boost level, an Electronic Boost Controller,, gas regulator, or a Manual BC?
Using an EBC is the safest way to raise boost, it will prevent spiking and over-boosting. But it really comes down to your budget. If you can afford an EBC, get one. If you can't, go with a MBC. And always keep an eye on that boost gauge. And whatever you are using to control boost, remember to not get carried away, I don't recommend going regularly over 18psi.
What is the best Electronic Boost Controller?
There really is no BEST. Although the, gas regulator, A'PEXi AVC-R is a nice unit, it provides much more control over boost than other EBCs, but it is also, gas regulator, more complex to install, and tune. The new Blitz unit is also nice. Most of the large manufacturers make decent units. Just avoid fuzzy-logic equipped models, gas regulator, if you still have the sequential stock turbos, they will become "confused" by the unnatural, gas regulator, behavior of the sequential system.
When installing my, gas regulator, EBC, do I connect, gas regulator, it to both of the Turbo's Wastegates?
The Primary Turbo is the only one with a wastegate. When in full twin turbo mode, the boost of both Turbos is regulated by the primary turbo's wastegate. So, only connect it to the Primary's.
Some people say I need to replace my ECU with a reprogrammed one, instead of just using a boost controller. Do I?
Reprogrammed ECUs for the Supra TT are VERY $$$. They are in the $1200 range., gas regulator, And they have not been proven to provide a significant increase in performance or safety on BPU™ level cars. Their merit shows itself on cars with upgraded Turbo(s). Just be sure you, gas regulator, buy your ECU, or have it reprogrammed, gas regulator, by a reputable shop that knows what they are doing. And have it tailored to your particular car (Driving habits, and Mods). And I would also recommend taking a look at the AEM Programmable system.
What is a safe boost level to run at BPU™?
The general consensus is 17-18psi. Some people have taken it higher, but I don't recommend it if you don't have the money for a turbo replacement/upgrade, gas regulator, .
Which Down-Pipe is recommended?
The RMM (or Rod Millen Motorsports) Cat-less Downpipe is the most commonly used. However many other brands exist. Some down-pipes, such as the Random Technology DP, feature an emissions legal high-flow catalytic converter.
Will a high-flow cat hurt performance?
It will have some effect on power output, but not a lot. Its exact effect on HP is not clear, but it probably costs a few hp at the most, maybe 5-15hp at BPU™, gas regulator, power levels.
What is a Down-Pipe?
It is the section of the exhaust system that connects the outlet of the Turbocharger's Turbine section to the "Cat-Back" exhaust system. The Downpipe is also where the two catalytic converters are located, as well as the O2 sensor (or sensors in OBD-II cars).
I have an OBD2 car. Can I still install a, gas regulator,, gas regulator, Down-Pipe?
Yes. But unless the DP has a Catalyst and a second location for an O2 sensor, you will trip your check engine light, unless you get one of those O2 "black boxes".
Which Exhausts are the loudest?
The Tanabe Racing Medallion, and HKS Hiper Titanium seem to be the two loudest systems.
Which Exhausts are the quietest?
The Tanabe Hyper Medallion, the discontinued Tanabe G-Power Medallion and the GReddy (SP) Street Performance seem to be the quietest. At anything less than full throttle, they are no louder than stock. But at full throttle they seem, gas regulator, to "wake up" a bit.
What are some recommended exhaust systems?
It depends on your personal preferences. Below I will break down some of my recommendations based on certain combinations of preferences.
Subtle Styling / Very Low Cost:
-Random Technology (75mm, full stainless steel)
Subtle Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-GReddy Street Performance (80mm)
-Tanabe Super Hyper Medallion (80mm, full stainless steel, 50-state legal)
Subtle Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-ATR (75mm, full stainless steel)
Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:
-HKS Dragger II (85mm)
Tasteful, gas regulator, Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-GReddy Power Extreme (80-94mm)
-HKS Super Dragger (95mm)
Tasteful Appearance / Moderate Sound Level / High Cost / Super Light:
-Veilside Tear Drop Titanium (90mm, full titanium)
Tasteful-Wild Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-TRD 2nd gen.
Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:
-A'PEXi N1
-HKS Hiper (75mm)
Wild, gas regulator, Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-A'PEXi GT Spec (95mm, full stainless steel)
-Blitz NUR Spec (80mm, full stainless steel)
-HKS Hiper Carbon/Titanium (75mm, CF wrapped muffler, titanium tip)
Wild Styling, gas regulator, / High Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-Tanabe Racing Medallion (80mm, 50 state legal)
Wild Styling / High Sound, gas regulator, Level / High Cost / High Flow:
-HKS Hiper Titanium (104mm, titanium muffler)
What is the cheapest route to replacing the DP and Cat-Back?
Have a custom performance exhaust shop fabricate a complete 3" exhaust system (Turbo-to-Tip). It should cost well less that $400. And then you can use the muffler and exhaust tip of your choice.
Which Fuel Cut Eliminator is recommended?
The GReddy BCC (Boost Cut Controller) is highly recommended.
What does the Fuel Cut Eliminator do?
The factory ECU is programmed to activate a fuel cut if the manifold pressure exceeds 14-15psi. It does this as a safety measure to prevent what the ECU sees as over boosting. The Fuel Cut Eliminator effectively eliminates, or at least raises the cut to a higher pressure. A reprogrammed ECU can also eliminate this function.
Which boost gauge is recommended?
Any high quality boost gauge will work well. Accuracy is the important feature to look for. Autometer gauges are a good value. The Japanese gauges, A'PEXi, GReddy, HKS, etc., have more features, but at a much higher price.
Where can the boost, gas regulator, gauge be installed, gas regulator, in the interior?
If you want to mount it in the dash, the two most popular places are the Clock location (which holds a 52mm gauge), and the Air Vent beside it (which holds a 60mm gauge). You can, gas regulator, also use an A-Pillar gauge pod.
What is the stock boost pressure?
11-12psi
Are Cam Gears a good modification for the Supra TT?
Yes, they have been shown to provide a 5-15rwhp gain on a BPU™'d car. But to extract their potential, you must have them tuned, by a knowledgeable tuner, on a dyno. And most of the power gains will be seen on the exhaust side. I also recommend buying cam gears which feature, gas regulator, 5-bolts.
Are Under Drive Pulley(s) a good modification for the Supra TT?
Most of the crank-shaft under-drive pulleys require the removal, gas regulator, of the factory torsional damper.
This is from MKIV.com :"this is NOT an external (harmonic) balancer, as the crankshaft is fully balanced, rather it dampens both the axial twisting, gas regulator, couples produced by the firing pulses, and the radial bending moment from the accessory drive, gas regulator, belt."
Basically this device provides crutial isolation between the engine driven accessories, and the crankshaft. However, removal of this can provide a 10-15rwhp gain, but at a cost for long term use.
Do I need to upgrade the ignition when upgrading to BPU™?
The stock ignition system is VERY capable of supplying enough, gas regulator, fire for a BPU™'d car. The stock ignition system uses 6 large coils, one, gas regulator, for each cylinder. So the system is capable of supporting VERY impressive HP levels. You may, gas regulator, need to change to a colder range plug with a tighter gap (see below).
What about the spark plugs, which are recommended at BPU™ or higher level?
Basically you want similar plugs as stock, but a cooler heat range and a smaller gap. The stock plugs are NGK BKR6EP-11 (2978) and are platinum tipped and have a .044 (1.1mm) gap. The ideal NGK replacement for a modified Supra would be the BKR7E (6097). It is one range cooler (the '7'), is non-platinum tipped (the lack of the 'p') and has a smaller .0315 gap, gas regulator, (lack of the '-11'). This plug is also called the NGK, gas regulator, 6097 and they are fairly inexpensive. Platinum tipped plugs are not desired for high power applications, Iridium plugs are more prefered. Unfortunately their doesn't seem to, gas regulator, be a BKR8E which might be better for high-HP Supras.
Another good plug to try is the Denso Iridium IK22 or IK24. These plugs may last longer than the above mentioned NGKs, but are also 6 times as expensive. The stock replacement plug would be the IK20, the IK22 is one step cooler, and the IK24 is two steps cooler, gas regulator, than stock. The IK22 would be good for ~400rwhp to ~600rwhp. The IK24 would probably be a good choice above that. Two other plugs commonly used are the NGK 3330 (BCPR7ES) which differ much more from the specifications of the stock plugs than NGK 6097. Also the Rapid Fire #5 used to be very popular, but are more expensive, don't last as long, and have fallin out of favor. Both of those plugs have been known, gas regulator, to cause slight stumbling at idle. Plugs on Supras do not live long, usually around 5,000-10,000 miles. So I recommend replacing them with every other oil change.
What is the HKS VPC and GCC?
It is an electronic device, which electronically and physically removes the highly restrictive mass airflow sensor from the intake tract. VPC stands for Vein Pressure Converter. The HKS GCC is a device that allows further fine-tuning of the VPC.
Do I need an after-market Blow off Valve?
It is not absolutely required, but it is a good idea. The, gas regulator, factory by-pass valve is prone to failure, and an aftermarket BOV is probably a wise investment for preventing turbo damaging compressor surge. And it sounds cool too. However, it must be noted that if you, gas regulator, still have the factory mass-air flow sensor, a blow-off valve, which is vented to the atmosphere, may cause stumbling between shifts.
Can, gas regulator, I run Nitrous Oxide on the Supra TT, even if I am already at BPU™ power levels?
Yes. Most people run 50-75 shot wet manifold systems. If you want to run a higher shot than this, you might want to consider, gas regulator, a well-designed direct port system. I have seen as much as a 200-shot used on one of these systems, and an upgraded, gas regulator, fuel system would be a must.
450hp just isn't enough, what can I do?
Ah the possibilities Basically you are only limited by your imagination, and your wallet. You know what they say, speed costs money, how fast do you want to go?
The real power lies in Single and Twin turbo upgrades, and the options are limitless. You can either build a mild motor that puts out 450 RWHP all day long with instant boost response, or a 1000+ RWHP, gas regulator, monster.
Unfortunately, things start getting more difficult after simple BPU™ modifications. Modification becomes more than "bolt on Downpipe,, gas regulator, gain 50hp". Things like tuning, parts selection, and matching combinations of parts become much more important. However, this is the case with ANY, gas regulator, high HP car. Actually,, gas regulator, even at exceptionally high power levels, the Supra TT is still easier to extract power from than almost any other performance car. But, gas regulator, it should be kept in mind, that it wouldn't be as simple as the BPU™ bolt-ons.
If you just want something that will toast that pesky Viper GTS. Then focus on a mild single turbo upgrade (T04S04, T60-1, SP57-SP61). Along with this, you should install a front mount intercooler, a fuel controller, fuel pulsation damper bypass and EGT gauge. This is assuming you have done all the BPU™ mods, plus BOV, EBC, Cam Gears. With tuning,, gas regulator, and a few odds and ends, you should be able to pull 450-500 RWHP (490-580 crank HP) numbers while on a stock fuel system (assuming it is in great condition). This would be a total investment of approximately $6,700-$11,500 in engine/electronic components (also, gas regulator, includes the proper gauges). If you already have the BPU™ mods or FMIC, etc., you will spend less than this. The difference in prices reflects the cost of higher end parts and addition of a HKS VPC to replace the restrictive stock MAF.
The next level would require, gas regulator, a completely upgraded fuel system, and performance cams would be recommended, as well as further electronics (programmable engine management such as the AEM, or VPC/GCC/ECU combo, etc.). This would allow you to run much larger turbos and injectors. You can make it past the, gas regulator, 700RWHP range without needing to replace the internals of the motor with stronger components, even at these power levels, if properly, gas regulator, tuned and maintained you should retain a fair amount of reliability while still on the stock internals, as some people have eclipsed the 800RWHP level while still running stock bottom ends in their Supras. If you choose to go ahead and build up, gas regulator, the bottom end, then the skies are the limit as far as power goes. Just make sure to have part selection, installation, and tuning done by competent and experienced persons. Although this, gas regulator, should hold true at ANY level of modification.
Should I install a Turbo Timer?
Absolutely. Unless you don't mind sitting in your car while it idles down every single time you need to turn the car off. A Turbo timer keeps the engine running for a preset time once you turn off the ignition. So you can remove your keys, and lock up the car and not have to worry about it, it will shut off on it's, gas regulator, own. This is important for the life of the turbos. If the turbos are not given time to cool down, it can overheat the oil and cause coking which will block oil flow to the turbos and damage bearings and cook seals.
How much is the Supra's power output affected by changes, gas regulator, in ambient temperatures?
Very noticeably, just as with most turbo cars, the Supra Twin Turbo can be very temperature sensitive. Especially with the stock turbos and intercooler. On a BPU™ car, I would not be surprised to see a 10 percent reduction between 50-60deg temperatures, and 90deg plus temperatures
Will the stock clutch hold the power levels of a BPU™ car?
It depends on the condition and wear on the stock clutch. If it is in good condition, yes, it will hold the power, pretty well in fact, although you may experience clutch slip while at full boost in high gears such as 5th and 6th. If you drive vigorously, meaning you run at high boost frequently, then the life of the stocker will be GREATLY shortened. Be surprised if you see an extra 10,000 miles after, gas regulator, BPU™.
Can I resurface, gas regulator, my flywheel when replacing the clutch?
It is not recommended. Buy a new Toyota Flywheel.
Can I install a lightweight, gas regulator, flywheel?
Yes, but be aware that they can create a lot of, gas regulator, noise at idle, and can transmit more vibrations and shock to the expensive Getrag transmission.
Why is pulling the TRAC fuse beneficial over just turning it off with the switch on the center console?
Just pushing the "Trac Off" button only partially disables the Trac system. It disables the Trac throttle body and TRAC funtion through the ABS System (on 93.5-96 only), but not the Trac system's ignition, gas regulator, timing retard function., gas regulator, Unplugging the Trac fuse eliminates both functions, as well as the 155mph speed limiter, which works through the trac system. The fuse can be found in the main fuse box on the driver's side of the engine compartment. It must be noted that removing the fuse will cause the TRAC light to stay on, but you'll get used, gas regulator, to it.
Will the TRAC system improve the cars performance?
NO. The Trac system was calibrated to improve traction in slippery, gas regulator, conditions. It was not calibrated with performance, gas regulator, in mind. When the Trac system senses a loss of traction, it comes on hard, cutting power drastically; this will do nothing but hurt performance. I also would not rely on the, gas regulator, Trac system for providing stability at high speeds, if you were to loose control, it would be too slow and clumsy, and would more than likely hamper your efforts to regain control.
How can I remove the factory 155mph speed limiter?
Remove the fuse for the Trac system. The speed limiter works through the Trac throttle body.
What is the Supra TT's top speed with the Trac fuse removed?
There is some debate on this subject. There are rumors that 180 can, gas regulator, be achieved. But by going with the numbers, 168-172mph in stock form seems possible.
What is the Supra TT's maximum theoretical top speed? Can it exceed 200mph with enough power?
Lets find out.
The Supra TT with the 6-speed has a stock engine redline of 6800rpm, and a 6th gear ratio of .79:1, with a rear axle ratio of 3.13:1. Now we multiply our 6th gear ratio times our rear axle ratio, and we find out our final gear ratio is 2.472:1. Now we divide 6800rpm by our total gear reduction of 2.472:1 and we find out our rear axles, and therefore wheels are spinning at 2751rpm at 6800 engine rpms.
Now we need to calculate our tire circumference. The rear tires section width it 255mm, and the sidewall's aspect ratio is .40, so our sidewalls are 102mm. Now, to convert this to inches, we divide this by 25.4, which equal's 4.015 inches. Now multiply this by two, since we have two sidewalls making up the total diameter, and add the wheel diameter of 17", and we see a total diameter of 25.031 inches. Now to find out our circumference, we multiply that number times pi (3.14), and we find out the circumference, gas regulator, is 78.59 inches, now divide that by 12 to convert to feet. And we get 6.549 feet total circumference.
Now multiply our tire's revolving speed, by the tire's outside circumference, and we find that the tire is covering 18,016, gas regulator, feet per minute, divide that by the 5280 feet in a mile, and we find we are covering 3.412 miles per minute, now multiply that by the 60 minutes in an hour, and we find we are traveling 204.7miles per hour @ 6800rpm in 6th gear. If the engines redline is increased to 7500rpm, which it often is, because of a higher flowing turbo. Then our maximum speed would be 225.8mph, given enough power of course.
For more go to Http://www.ausdriftcar.cjb.net
Source: articleage.com
What does BPU™ stand for? (BPU™ is a trademark of SupraStore.com)
Basic Performance Upgrades. These modifications are: A full length, gas regulator, three inch down-pipe (with or with-out high flow cats), 3" (75mm) or bigger cat-back exhaust system, raised boost (18psi), and the, gas regulator, required boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC) needed to achieve that boost without activating the factory, gas regulator, fuel cut-off at 14-15psi. These are the modifications that have proven, gas regulator, to provide the best HP-to-$$$ ratio.
What does the + mean when someone says BPU™+? And what is APU?
That stands for any additional power producing modifications other than, gas regulator, the basic BPU™ modifications. One "+" refers to Adj. Cam Gears and under-drive pulleys, the second "+" refers to a Fuel controller, ECU upgrade, etc. For instance, a Supra with the BPU™ modifications, plus a front-mount intercooler, would be called BPU™+. If you added cam gears to that, it would be BPU™++, and so on. The "BPU™" term is used until you have an upgraded turbo(s). Then it is referred to as APU, advanced performance upgrades. This designation pretty much covers every modification that can be performed.
What are the first engine modifications I should perform?
I recommend starting with raising the boost of the stock turbos to roughly 18psi. This will require a quality boost gauge and a boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC). You will achieve 15 or so PSI with the stock Down Pipe in place. This will provide an addition of approximately 30rwhp. After those modifications are completed, it would be a logical next step to install the Down Pipe and Cat-Back Exhaust at the same time. You will now be at full BPU™.
What do all the various "Free Mods" do?
There are many different "free mods" for the Supra TT. I will cover just a few of them here. The ones I, gas regulator, will cover fall into three categories, boost control, EGR disabling, and TTC or True Twin Conversion.
Three, gas regulator, of the boost, gas regulator, control mods are: Bleeder-T Mod, Clamp Mod, and the VSV Bypass Mod. Each of these modifications raise boost levels, gas regulator, without the use of a boost controller. But you have to keep a close eye on your boost gauge, and make sure they are not allowing the turbos to boost too high (18psi is a safe level).
The next mods, are the true twin conversion mods (or TTC). This modification disables the Sequential twin, gas regulator, turbo operation, and causes the turbos to run constantly in parallel (both on at the same time). This is supposed to allow for slightly better mid-range power (before the secondary turbo would normally come online) and allows for a smoother power band, without, gas regulator, the abrupt boost increase caused by the transition from primary to secondary operation. However, this does noticeably decrease low-end power, and increases exhaust noise levels, and therefore may not be desirable on the street. Two types of the TTC mod are, the traditional TTC mod which includes 2 methods, wiring the actuators, or installing a one way valve, and the Electronic TTC mod (ETTC).
The, gas, gas regulator, regulator, last mod I will discuss is the EGR mod. This disables the Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, which is meant for emissions, and therefore,, gas regulator, this modification is for off-road use only, gas regulator, . This mod is supposed to prevent the super heating of the number 5 and 6 cylinders, which may cause burnt valves.
How much power will my car make at BPU™?
It varies from car-to-car, and the conditions as well as tuning. Most BPU™-only Supra Twin Turbos, dyno between 370 and 410 horsepower at the rear wheels. This is usually achieved with moderate temperatures, a reset ECU (to erase anything bad the ECU may have learned), and often a little bit of high-octane un-leaded race fuel. On the street, power will be reduced, especially in poor weather, but at least 90 percent, gas regulator, of the power should be retained.
What kind of 1/4 mile ETs and trap speeds should I run at BPU™-only?
It varies WIDELY depending on driver skill. As well as track conditions, elevation above sea level, ambient temperatures, humidity, and pre-race preparation. But most fall between 12, gas regulator, .3 to 12.9 ets with 112 to 119mph trap speeds on street tires. Times can drop well into the 11s with drag radials, a good driver, and good conditions, as well as proper pre-race preparation.
What is a BPU™'d Supra TT's top speed?
Speeds in the mid-high 180mph range should be achievable. Once the speed-limiter is disabled,, gas regulator, by pulling the "TRAC" fuse of course.
Will the life of my Engine and Drivetrain be adversely affected with the BPU™ mods?
Yes, but not by a significant amount. If the car is maintained properly, and the car is treated with some respect, gas regulator, for the components,, gas regulator, you should maintain much of the power train's life. Which considering the fact that the Supra is by far one of the most reliable and durable sports cars, it will last longer than most well maintained STOCK sports cars. The only Drivetrain components that will see a significantly shortened life will be the stock clutch. It will more than likely not last much longer than 8-10k miles once at BPU™. This especially holds, gas regulator,, gas regulator, true if the car is making repeated high speed runs using 5th and 6th gear at wide open throttle. If your stock clutch has high mileage on it, or is already starting to slip, you will need to plan on a new high-performance clutch. Also the stock turbos will be subject to a somewhat shortened life span (how short will depend on how you drive and maintain the car, as well as how much boost you will run)
What's the reliability of a 600hp Supra Turbo?
Chassis, electrical, and suspension components should see little effect on reliability on street driven Supras. The stock 2JZ-GTE engine should hold up pretty well to this power level. Just how long depends on maintenance,, gas regulator, and how hard you drive it, and how often. But typically Supras can go for years at this power level. The transmission reliability will depend on whether it's an Automatic or Manual. A stock automatic will not hold this much power, a built transmission will be required, and it's reliability will depend on it's design and construction. The 6spd Manual should hold up just fine, as well as the rear differential and axles.
The only real reliability concerns at these low power levels would surround the actual modifications you perform. Excluding installation short-comings, the components utilized, even very high quality ones, may fall short of factory component reliability, as the built in compromises that exist in everything, would lean, gas regulator, more towards the side of ultimate performance, than of ultimate reliability (Keep in mind we are talking about a Toyota here, whose reliabilty standards, gas regulator, are exceptionally high) This may include fuel system components, turbo components, and especialy electronic wizardry. Basically a set-up that is either VERY well concieved, or utilizes OE components as much as possible, without over burdening them, would posses *near* stock reliability. And tuning of the components, and component selection, and matching, would play a HUGE role in this.
What are the power limits of the various factory components (Differential, Transmission, Motor, etc.)?
There have really not been enough failures to really pin point a limit for the various power-train components. The motor, gas regulator, could fail at factory power levels if it was running dangerously lean. But when well tuned, the motors internals (Pistons, Rods, Crank, Head Gasket etc) are reliable to 700rwhp. But, gas regulator, of course at these power levels, if the engine is not set-up and tuned properly, it is literally a bomb waiting to go off, however this would be just as true with a built motor. Some owners have pushed their stock internals to the limit and have well exceeded, gas regulator, 800rwhp, and even approached 900rwhp. I still don't understand how such an over built motor made it past the bean counters at Toyota Corporate.
The 6-speed Getrag is ridiculously strong for an OE transmission. Its limit's will be affected greatly by driving technique, such as launching, and whether or not power, gas regulator, shifting is used. Even driven hard, the Getrag should hold up reasonably well with 700RWHP. If you treat it with some respect, it should be able to handle, gas regulator, around 800RWHP or more, although, gas regulator, great care and respect will need to be practiced at those levels.
Differential, axle, CV Joint, and drive shaft failures are a VERY rare occurrence. So I don't have much info on their failure limits. On street tires, it would be almost impossible to break, gas regulator, any of these components at ANY power level. The tires would spin before they would put the driveline under that kind of strain., gas regulator, The tires act sort of like a circuit breaker. If, gas regulator, you run drag slicks, this does not hold true of course, yet they have proven themselves to be 10 and even 9 second capable.
Will drivability, interior noise levels, and low-end power be adversely, gas regulator, affected, gas, gas regulator, regulator, with the BPU™ mods?
Drivability is not adversely affected. Interior noise level depends on the exhaust system you choose. Some will make it far louder; some will actually make it quieter. But most are just a little bit louder than stock. But the added dBs are also combined with a MUCH sweeter exhaust note, so it's definitely worth it. And the interior of the Supra is, gas regulator, pretty quiet anyway, so on the highway, it will be VERY livable. As far as low-end power goes, the down-pipe will greatly decrease Turbo Lag. So low-end power and response is much improved over stock.
Will emissions be adversely affected by the BPU™ mods?
As long as a high-flow cat is used, emissions should, gas regulator, not be effected, and you should still pass visual inspection. If you run without catalytic converters, you are doing so at your own risk, and you would not pass visual or emissions testing.
Will fuel mileage be adversely affected by the BPU™ mods?
If driven calmly, as in light throttle, mileage should not be significantly affected. Mileage will greatly decrease during however, if you drive "vigorously", more power equals more burned fuel I am afraid.
Should, gas regulator, I install an "Intake" (Open Element Filter)?
This is a bit of a yes and no answer. The stock filter assembly is a flow restriction, and an open element intake would increase potential flow. However, it will also draw in more heated engine compartment air, which can hurt performance. My advice is to either modify the stock filter box, or install a, gas regulator, cool air induction box, like the Max Air. An added bonus of the open element filters, is that they allow you to easily hear the primary turbo and by-pass valve.
What about the stock intercooler?
The stock intercooler does a decent job up till about 17psi on the stock turbos, after that you would probably notice a significant, gas regulator, gain, especially in warmer temperatures, with a nice front mount intercooler. However, keep in mind it will block some of the airflow to the radiator, as well as decreasing response slightly.
Should I replace the factory rubber Intercooler hoses with aftermarket metal hoses?
It wouldn't hurt. But it won't help a lot either. At the most you may slightly increase throttle response, but at least it will look nicer.
What about the fuel system, are the stock injectors and fuel pump large enough for BPU™?
Yes, the stock fuel system is very safe and reliable to 450RWHP, although I would recommend a fuel pulsation damper bypass. Anything over that,, gas regulator, and I would highly recommend having the car dyno'd, and using a wide-band O2 sensor (not a cheap A/F gauge connected to the stock O2) to check the fuel ratio at your high boost setting. 11.5:1 would be a safe fuel ratio.
What are the stock injectors rated at?
540cc/min
Would the Supra benefit from a fuel controller?
BPU™'d Supras run a little on the rich side as far as fuel ratios go. This hurts power. What it does do is provide a safety margin that makes engine damage through detonation unlikely. If you get a fuel controller, and tune it properly (on a dyno, with an accurate EGT gauge, and a high band O2 (The Stock O2 sensors, gas regulator, are, gas regulator, not accurate), then you should be able to gain a noticeable amount of power. One of the most popular electronic fuel controllers is the A'PEXi S-AFC. The Fields SFC is good too.
What should I use to increase my boost level, an Electronic Boost Controller,, gas regulator, or a Manual BC?
Using an EBC is the safest way to raise boost, it will prevent spiking and over-boosting. But it really comes down to your budget. If you can afford an EBC, get one. If you can't, go with a MBC. And always keep an eye on that boost gauge. And whatever you are using to control boost, remember to not get carried away, I don't recommend going regularly over 18psi.
What is the best Electronic Boost Controller?
There really is no BEST. Although the, gas regulator, A'PEXi AVC-R is a nice unit, it provides much more control over boost than other EBCs, but it is also, gas regulator, more complex to install, and tune. The new Blitz unit is also nice. Most of the large manufacturers make decent units. Just avoid fuzzy-logic equipped models, gas regulator, if you still have the sequential stock turbos, they will become "confused" by the unnatural, gas regulator, behavior of the sequential system.
When installing my, gas regulator, EBC, do I connect, gas regulator, it to both of the Turbo's Wastegates?
The Primary Turbo is the only one with a wastegate. When in full twin turbo mode, the boost of both Turbos is regulated by the primary turbo's wastegate. So, only connect it to the Primary's.
Some people say I need to replace my ECU with a reprogrammed one, instead of just using a boost controller. Do I?
Reprogrammed ECUs for the Supra TT are VERY $$$. They are in the $1200 range., gas regulator, And they have not been proven to provide a significant increase in performance or safety on BPU™ level cars. Their merit shows itself on cars with upgraded Turbo(s). Just be sure you, gas regulator, buy your ECU, or have it reprogrammed, gas regulator, by a reputable shop that knows what they are doing. And have it tailored to your particular car (Driving habits, and Mods). And I would also recommend taking a look at the AEM Programmable system.
What is a safe boost level to run at BPU™?
The general consensus is 17-18psi. Some people have taken it higher, but I don't recommend it if you don't have the money for a turbo replacement/upgrade, gas regulator, .
Which Down-Pipe is recommended?
The RMM (or Rod Millen Motorsports) Cat-less Downpipe is the most commonly used. However many other brands exist. Some down-pipes, such as the Random Technology DP, feature an emissions legal high-flow catalytic converter.
Will a high-flow cat hurt performance?
It will have some effect on power output, but not a lot. Its exact effect on HP is not clear, but it probably costs a few hp at the most, maybe 5-15hp at BPU™, gas regulator, power levels.
What is a Down-Pipe?
It is the section of the exhaust system that connects the outlet of the Turbocharger's Turbine section to the "Cat-Back" exhaust system. The Downpipe is also where the two catalytic converters are located, as well as the O2 sensor (or sensors in OBD-II cars).
I have an OBD2 car. Can I still install a, gas regulator,, gas regulator, Down-Pipe?
Yes. But unless the DP has a Catalyst and a second location for an O2 sensor, you will trip your check engine light, unless you get one of those O2 "black boxes".
Which Exhausts are the loudest?
The Tanabe Racing Medallion, and HKS Hiper Titanium seem to be the two loudest systems.
Which Exhausts are the quietest?
The Tanabe Hyper Medallion, the discontinued Tanabe G-Power Medallion and the GReddy (SP) Street Performance seem to be the quietest. At anything less than full throttle, they are no louder than stock. But at full throttle they seem, gas regulator, to "wake up" a bit.
What are some recommended exhaust systems?
It depends on your personal preferences. Below I will break down some of my recommendations based on certain combinations of preferences.
Subtle Styling / Very Low Cost:
-Random Technology (75mm, full stainless steel)
Subtle Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-GReddy Street Performance (80mm)
-Tanabe Super Hyper Medallion (80mm, full stainless steel, 50-state legal)
Subtle Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-ATR (75mm, full stainless steel)
Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:
-HKS Dragger II (85mm)
Tasteful, gas regulator, Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-GReddy Power Extreme (80-94mm)
-HKS Super Dragger (95mm)
Tasteful Appearance / Moderate Sound Level / High Cost / Super Light:
-Veilside Tear Drop Titanium (90mm, full titanium)
Tasteful-Wild Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-TRD 2nd gen.
Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:
-A'PEXi N1
-HKS Hiper (75mm)
Wild, gas regulator, Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-A'PEXi GT Spec (95mm, full stainless steel)
-Blitz NUR Spec (80mm, full stainless steel)
-HKS Hiper Carbon/Titanium (75mm, CF wrapped muffler, titanium tip)
Wild Styling, gas regulator, / High Sound Level / Moderate Cost:
-Tanabe Racing Medallion (80mm, 50 state legal)
Wild Styling / High Sound, gas regulator, Level / High Cost / High Flow:
-HKS Hiper Titanium (104mm, titanium muffler)
What is the cheapest route to replacing the DP and Cat-Back?
Have a custom performance exhaust shop fabricate a complete 3" exhaust system (Turbo-to-Tip). It should cost well less that $400. And then you can use the muffler and exhaust tip of your choice.
Which Fuel Cut Eliminator is recommended?
The GReddy BCC (Boost Cut Controller) is highly recommended.
What does the Fuel Cut Eliminator do?
The factory ECU is programmed to activate a fuel cut if the manifold pressure exceeds 14-15psi. It does this as a safety measure to prevent what the ECU sees as over boosting. The Fuel Cut Eliminator effectively eliminates, or at least raises the cut to a higher pressure. A reprogrammed ECU can also eliminate this function.
Which boost gauge is recommended?
Any high quality boost gauge will work well. Accuracy is the important feature to look for. Autometer gauges are a good value. The Japanese gauges, A'PEXi, GReddy, HKS, etc., have more features, but at a much higher price.
Where can the boost, gas regulator, gauge be installed, gas regulator, in the interior?
If you want to mount it in the dash, the two most popular places are the Clock location (which holds a 52mm gauge), and the Air Vent beside it (which holds a 60mm gauge). You can, gas regulator, also use an A-Pillar gauge pod.
What is the stock boost pressure?
11-12psi
Are Cam Gears a good modification for the Supra TT?
Yes, they have been shown to provide a 5-15rwhp gain on a BPU™'d car. But to extract their potential, you must have them tuned, by a knowledgeable tuner, on a dyno. And most of the power gains will be seen on the exhaust side. I also recommend buying cam gears which feature, gas regulator, 5-bolts.
Are Under Drive Pulley(s) a good modification for the Supra TT?
Most of the crank-shaft under-drive pulleys require the removal, gas regulator, of the factory torsional damper.
This is from MKIV.com :"this is NOT an external (harmonic) balancer, as the crankshaft is fully balanced, rather it dampens both the axial twisting, gas regulator, couples produced by the firing pulses, and the radial bending moment from the accessory drive, gas regulator, belt."
Basically this device provides crutial isolation between the engine driven accessories, and the crankshaft. However, removal of this can provide a 10-15rwhp gain, but at a cost for long term use.
Do I need to upgrade the ignition when upgrading to BPU™?
The stock ignition system is VERY capable of supplying enough, gas regulator, fire for a BPU™'d car. The stock ignition system uses 6 large coils, one, gas regulator, for each cylinder. So the system is capable of supporting VERY impressive HP levels. You may, gas regulator, need to change to a colder range plug with a tighter gap (see below).
What about the spark plugs, which are recommended at BPU™ or higher level?
Basically you want similar plugs as stock, but a cooler heat range and a smaller gap. The stock plugs are NGK BKR6EP-11 (2978) and are platinum tipped and have a .044 (1.1mm) gap. The ideal NGK replacement for a modified Supra would be the BKR7E (6097). It is one range cooler (the '7'), is non-platinum tipped (the lack of the 'p') and has a smaller .0315 gap, gas regulator, (lack of the '-11'). This plug is also called the NGK, gas regulator, 6097 and they are fairly inexpensive. Platinum tipped plugs are not desired for high power applications, Iridium plugs are more prefered. Unfortunately their doesn't seem to, gas regulator, be a BKR8E which might be better for high-HP Supras.
Another good plug to try is the Denso Iridium IK22 or IK24. These plugs may last longer than the above mentioned NGKs, but are also 6 times as expensive. The stock replacement plug would be the IK20, the IK22 is one step cooler, and the IK24 is two steps cooler, gas regulator, than stock. The IK22 would be good for ~400rwhp to ~600rwhp. The IK24 would probably be a good choice above that. Two other plugs commonly used are the NGK 3330 (BCPR7ES) which differ much more from the specifications of the stock plugs than NGK 6097. Also the Rapid Fire #5 used to be very popular, but are more expensive, don't last as long, and have fallin out of favor. Both of those plugs have been known, gas regulator, to cause slight stumbling at idle. Plugs on Supras do not live long, usually around 5,000-10,000 miles. So I recommend replacing them with every other oil change.
What is the HKS VPC and GCC?
It is an electronic device, which electronically and physically removes the highly restrictive mass airflow sensor from the intake tract. VPC stands for Vein Pressure Converter. The HKS GCC is a device that allows further fine-tuning of the VPC.
Do I need an after-market Blow off Valve?
It is not absolutely required, but it is a good idea. The, gas regulator, factory by-pass valve is prone to failure, and an aftermarket BOV is probably a wise investment for preventing turbo damaging compressor surge. And it sounds cool too. However, it must be noted that if you, gas regulator, still have the factory mass-air flow sensor, a blow-off valve, which is vented to the atmosphere, may cause stumbling between shifts.
Can, gas regulator, I run Nitrous Oxide on the Supra TT, even if I am already at BPU™ power levels?
Yes. Most people run 50-75 shot wet manifold systems. If you want to run a higher shot than this, you might want to consider, gas regulator, a well-designed direct port system. I have seen as much as a 200-shot used on one of these systems, and an upgraded, gas regulator, fuel system would be a must.
450hp just isn't enough, what can I do?
Ah the possibilities Basically you are only limited by your imagination, and your wallet. You know what they say, speed costs money, how fast do you want to go?
The real power lies in Single and Twin turbo upgrades, and the options are limitless. You can either build a mild motor that puts out 450 RWHP all day long with instant boost response, or a 1000+ RWHP, gas regulator, monster.
Unfortunately, things start getting more difficult after simple BPU™ modifications. Modification becomes more than "bolt on Downpipe,, gas regulator, gain 50hp". Things like tuning, parts selection, and matching combinations of parts become much more important. However, this is the case with ANY, gas regulator, high HP car. Actually,, gas regulator, even at exceptionally high power levels, the Supra TT is still easier to extract power from than almost any other performance car. But, gas regulator, it should be kept in mind, that it wouldn't be as simple as the BPU™ bolt-ons.
If you just want something that will toast that pesky Viper GTS. Then focus on a mild single turbo upgrade (T04S04, T60-1, SP57-SP61). Along with this, you should install a front mount intercooler, a fuel controller, fuel pulsation damper bypass and EGT gauge. This is assuming you have done all the BPU™ mods, plus BOV, EBC, Cam Gears. With tuning,, gas regulator, and a few odds and ends, you should be able to pull 450-500 RWHP (490-580 crank HP) numbers while on a stock fuel system (assuming it is in great condition). This would be a total investment of approximately $6,700-$11,500 in engine/electronic components (also, gas regulator, includes the proper gauges). If you already have the BPU™ mods or FMIC, etc., you will spend less than this. The difference in prices reflects the cost of higher end parts and addition of a HKS VPC to replace the restrictive stock MAF.
The next level would require, gas regulator, a completely upgraded fuel system, and performance cams would be recommended, as well as further electronics (programmable engine management such as the AEM, or VPC/GCC/ECU combo, etc.). This would allow you to run much larger turbos and injectors. You can make it past the, gas regulator, 700RWHP range without needing to replace the internals of the motor with stronger components, even at these power levels, if properly, gas regulator, tuned and maintained you should retain a fair amount of reliability while still on the stock internals, as some people have eclipsed the 800RWHP level while still running stock bottom ends in their Supras. If you choose to go ahead and build up, gas regulator, the bottom end, then the skies are the limit as far as power goes. Just make sure to have part selection, installation, and tuning done by competent and experienced persons. Although this, gas regulator, should hold true at ANY level of modification.
Should I install a Turbo Timer?
Absolutely. Unless you don't mind sitting in your car while it idles down every single time you need to turn the car off. A Turbo timer keeps the engine running for a preset time once you turn off the ignition. So you can remove your keys, and lock up the car and not have to worry about it, it will shut off on it's, gas regulator, own. This is important for the life of the turbos. If the turbos are not given time to cool down, it can overheat the oil and cause coking which will block oil flow to the turbos and damage bearings and cook seals.
How much is the Supra's power output affected by changes, gas regulator, in ambient temperatures?
Very noticeably, just as with most turbo cars, the Supra Twin Turbo can be very temperature sensitive. Especially with the stock turbos and intercooler. On a BPU™ car, I would not be surprised to see a 10 percent reduction between 50-60deg temperatures, and 90deg plus temperatures
Will the stock clutch hold the power levels of a BPU™ car?
It depends on the condition and wear on the stock clutch. If it is in good condition, yes, it will hold the power, pretty well in fact, although you may experience clutch slip while at full boost in high gears such as 5th and 6th. If you drive vigorously, meaning you run at high boost frequently, then the life of the stocker will be GREATLY shortened. Be surprised if you see an extra 10,000 miles after, gas regulator, BPU™.
Can I resurface, gas regulator, my flywheel when replacing the clutch?
It is not recommended. Buy a new Toyota Flywheel.
Can I install a lightweight, gas regulator, flywheel?
Yes, but be aware that they can create a lot of, gas regulator, noise at idle, and can transmit more vibrations and shock to the expensive Getrag transmission.
Why is pulling the TRAC fuse beneficial over just turning it off with the switch on the center console?
Just pushing the "Trac Off" button only partially disables the Trac system. It disables the Trac throttle body and TRAC funtion through the ABS System (on 93.5-96 only), but not the Trac system's ignition, gas regulator, timing retard function., gas regulator, Unplugging the Trac fuse eliminates both functions, as well as the 155mph speed limiter, which works through the trac system. The fuse can be found in the main fuse box on the driver's side of the engine compartment. It must be noted that removing the fuse will cause the TRAC light to stay on, but you'll get used, gas regulator, to it.
Will the TRAC system improve the cars performance?
NO. The Trac system was calibrated to improve traction in slippery, gas regulator, conditions. It was not calibrated with performance, gas regulator, in mind. When the Trac system senses a loss of traction, it comes on hard, cutting power drastically; this will do nothing but hurt performance. I also would not rely on the, gas regulator, Trac system for providing stability at high speeds, if you were to loose control, it would be too slow and clumsy, and would more than likely hamper your efforts to regain control.
How can I remove the factory 155mph speed limiter?
Remove the fuse for the Trac system. The speed limiter works through the Trac throttle body.
What is the Supra TT's top speed with the Trac fuse removed?
There is some debate on this subject. There are rumors that 180 can, gas regulator, be achieved. But by going with the numbers, 168-172mph in stock form seems possible.
What is the Supra TT's maximum theoretical top speed? Can it exceed 200mph with enough power?
Lets find out.
The Supra TT with the 6-speed has a stock engine redline of 6800rpm, and a 6th gear ratio of .79:1, with a rear axle ratio of 3.13:1. Now we multiply our 6th gear ratio times our rear axle ratio, and we find out our final gear ratio is 2.472:1. Now we divide 6800rpm by our total gear reduction of 2.472:1 and we find out our rear axles, and therefore wheels are spinning at 2751rpm at 6800 engine rpms.
Now we need to calculate our tire circumference. The rear tires section width it 255mm, and the sidewall's aspect ratio is .40, so our sidewalls are 102mm. Now, to convert this to inches, we divide this by 25.4, which equal's 4.015 inches. Now multiply this by two, since we have two sidewalls making up the total diameter, and add the wheel diameter of 17", and we see a total diameter of 25.031 inches. Now to find out our circumference, we multiply that number times pi (3.14), and we find out the circumference, gas regulator, is 78.59 inches, now divide that by 12 to convert to feet. And we get 6.549 feet total circumference.
Now multiply our tire's revolving speed, by the tire's outside circumference, and we find that the tire is covering 18,016, gas regulator, feet per minute, divide that by the 5280 feet in a mile, and we find we are covering 3.412 miles per minute, now multiply that by the 60 minutes in an hour, and we find we are traveling 204.7miles per hour @ 6800rpm in 6th gear. If the engines redline is increased to 7500rpm, which it often is, because of a higher flowing turbo. Then our maximum speed would be 225.8mph, given enough power of course.
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